{
  "provenance": {
    "source": "Metkagram",
    "source_url": "https://metkagram.github.io",
    "source_repository": "https://github.com/metkagram/metkagram.github.io",
    "creator": "Metkagram",
    "creator_url": "https://github.com/metkagram",
    "maintainer": "Applied Systems Lab at MetalHatsCats",
    "maintainer_url": "https://metalhatscats.com",
    "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
    "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
    "attribution_required": true,
    "attribution_text": "Source: Metkagram — https://metkagram.github.io/",
    "attribution_html": "Source: <a href=\"https://metkagram.github.io/\">Metkagram</a>",
    "terms_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/legal/terms/",
    "privacy_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/legal/privacy/",
    "contact_url": "https://metalhatscats.com/contact",
    "collaboration_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/ai/#collaborate",
    "dataset_version": "1.0.0+20260715",
    "release_date": "2026-07-15",
    "canonical_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/explore/english/library/PJUDV4WtoyRio4j7uS1g/",
    "record_type": "annotated_document",
    "record_id": "PJUDV4WtoyRio4j7uS1g",
    "content_hash": "a6b1c2b7b8acb4d89f410a2dfa9875ee8973ab01a414636c0be3d38344079a05"
  },
  "data": {
    "id": "PJUDV4WtoyRio4j7uS1g",
    "language": "enGram",
    "hotlist": false,
    "type": "usual",
    "title": "Introduce Causes with \"Due to\" and \"Owing to\"",
    "changedOn": "2024-04-12T09:51:18.168Z",
    "isPriority": false,
    "url": "",
    "isInProcess": false,
    "course": "",
    "rank": null,
    "progress": {
      "times": 0,
      "numOfReps": 0
    },
    "comment": "\"Due to\" and \"owing to\" are phrases used to explain the reason or cause of something. Both are used similarly and often interchangeably in formal writing to link an outcome directly to its cause. These phrases help clarify why events occur or conditions exist.",
    "refId": "",
    "repeatedOn": "2024-04-12T09:36:02.129Z",
    "user": "VR6BLj6E84W7JFcPkk4oTLS671F3",
    "isReported": false,
    "group": "0GmSJFRrWrSqi4A6yCOH",
    "version": "enGram 3.4, Jan 2024",
    "annotations": [
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "The delay was due to heavy traffic.",
        "id": "LIB-f8c29b4d-be5b-4dfe-8bd0-c0d6225d28b9",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "The ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "delay ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "was ",
                  "tag": "ROOT"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "p2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "due ",
                  "tag": "acomp"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "heavy ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "traffic",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Gecikme yoğun trafikten kaynaklandı.",
          "ka": "შეფერხება გადატვირთულმა მოძრაობამ გამოიწვია."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Due to rain, the event was postponed.",
        "id": "LIB-362fadf4-bcdc-4e13-b24f-387e693750d9",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "Due ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "pcomp"
            },
            {
              "text": "rain",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ", ",
              "tag": ""
            },
            {
              "text": "S*",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "event ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st*",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "was ",
                  "tag": "auxpass"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "postponed",
                  "tag": "VBN"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Yağmur nedeniyle etkinlik ertelendi.",
          "ka": "წვიმის გამო ღონისძიება გადაიდო."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "The success of the project was due to the team's hard work.",
        "id": "LIB-54866e8d-1034-4d5c-9c84-43ffd157fe4b",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "The ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "success ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "text": "of ",
              "tag": "IN_prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "project ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "was ",
                  "tag": "ROOT"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "due ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "team",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "'s ",
              "tag": "case"
            },
            {
              "text": "hard ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "work",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "the team's hard work",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Projenin başarısı ekibin sıkı çalışmasına bağlıydı.",
          "ka": "პროექტის წარმატება გუნდის შრომისმოყვარეობამ განაპირობა."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Owing to his expertise, we completed the task on time.",
        "id": "LIB-c65bf357-5e0c-4733-a565-51b6af50d1d2",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "Owing ",
                  "tag": "advcl"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "his ",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "expertise",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ", ",
              "tag": ""
            },
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "we ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "V",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "completed ",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "task ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "on ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "time",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Uzmanlığı sayesinde görevi zamanında tamamladık.",
          "ar": "بفضل خبرته، أنجزنا المهمة في الوقت المحدد."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "The flight cancellation was due to technical problems.",
        "id": "LIB-4e09aac3-a1be-4241-ae7c-4d952f177d43",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "The ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "flight ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "text": "cancellation ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "was ",
                  "tag": "ROOT"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "due ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "technical ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "problems",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "the flight cancellation",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Uçuş iptali teknik sorunlar nedeniyle gerçekleşti."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Owing to unforeseen circumstances, our plans changed.",
        "id": "LIB-9755bd1d-d89a-4732-8978-e76b504e7b71",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "Owing ",
                  "tag": "advcl"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "unforeseen ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "circumstances",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ", ",
              "tag": ""
            },
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "our ",
              "tag": "PRP$_poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "plans ",
              "tag": "NNS_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "V",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "changed",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Öngörülemeyen koşullar nedeniyle planlarımız değişti.",
          "ar": "بسبب ظروف غير متوقعة، تغيرت خططنا."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Due to the holiday, our office will be closed tomorrow.",
        "id": "LIB-4e509d3d-9661-4f87-b744-8fc15e8157e9",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "Due ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "pcomp"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "holiday",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ", ",
              "tag": ""
            },
            {
              "text": "S*",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "our ",
              "tag": "PRP$_poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "office ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "Hf",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "will ",
                  "tag": "aux"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "st*",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "be ",
                  "tag": "auxpass"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "closed ",
                  "tag": "VBN"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "tomorrow",
              "tag": "npadvmod"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Tatil nedeniyle ofisimiz yarın kapalı olacaktır.."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Owing to the doctor’s advice, he is taking a break from work.",
        "id": "LIB-3671b2b3-48b9-40fe-b509-e4f7fe986c76",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "Owing ",
                  "tag": "advcl"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "doctor",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "’s ",
              "tag": "case"
            },
            {
              "text": "advice",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ", ",
              "tag": ""
            },
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "he ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "H",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "is ",
                  "tag": "aux"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "taking ",
                  "tag": "VBG"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "a ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "break ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "from ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "work",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "take — took  — taken^the doctor’s advice",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Doktorun tavsiyesi üzerine işe ara veriyor.."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "The increase in sales is due to the new marketing strategy.",
        "id": "LIB-3f5d451e-ec4e-4e1e-8f9b-fe873efdb806",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "The ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "increase ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "text": "in ",
              "tag": "IN_prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "sales ",
              "tag": "NNS_pobj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "st",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "is ",
                  "tag": "ROOT"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "due ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "new ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "marketing ",
              "tag": "compound"
            },
            {
              "text": "strategy",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "the new marketing strategy",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Satışlardaki artış yeni pazarlama stratejisinden kaynaklanmaktadır."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Owing to her quick thinking, the crisis was averted.",
        "id": "LIB-1ff1f00e-3c24-4116-8955-3cfce1dfff1a",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "Owing ",
                  "tag": "advcl"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "her ",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "quick ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "thinking",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ", ",
              "tag": ""
            },
            {
              "text": "S*",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "crisis ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st*",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "was ",
                  "tag": "auxpass"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "averted",
                  "tag": "VBN"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "her quick thinking",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Onun hızlı düşünmesi sayesinde kriz önlendi.",
          "ar": "بفضل تفكيرها السريع تم تجنب الأزمة."
        }
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Due to high demand, we are extending our hours this weekend.",
        "id": "LIB-c646ee85-7919-4323-97bd-f96d97baf205",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "Due ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "to ",
              "tag": "pcomp"
            },
            {
              "text": "high ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "demand",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ", ",
              "tag": ""
            },
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "we ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "H",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "are ",
                  "tag": "aux"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "extending ",
                  "tag": "VBG"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "our ",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "hours ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "this ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "weekend",
              "tag": "npadvmod"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null,
        "translations": {
          "tr": "Yoğun talep nedeniyle bu hafta sonu çalışma saatlerimizi uzatıyoruz.",
          "ar": "بسبب الطلب المرتفع، قمنا بتمديد ساعات عملنا في نهاية هذا الأسبوع."
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}