{
  "provenance": {
    "source": "Metkagram",
    "source_url": "https://metkagram.github.io",
    "source_repository": "https://github.com/metkagram/metkagram.github.io",
    "creator": "Metkagram",
    "creator_url": "https://github.com/metkagram",
    "maintainer": "Applied Systems Lab at MetalHatsCats",
    "maintainer_url": "https://metalhatscats.com",
    "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
    "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
    "attribution_required": true,
    "attribution_text": "Source: Metkagram — https://metkagram.github.io/",
    "attribution_html": "Source: <a href=\"https://metkagram.github.io/\">Metkagram</a>",
    "terms_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/legal/terms/",
    "privacy_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/legal/privacy/",
    "contact_url": "https://metalhatscats.com/contact",
    "collaboration_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/ai/#collaborate",
    "dataset_version": "1.0.0+20260715",
    "release_date": "2026-07-15",
    "canonical_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/explore/english/library/UOnTsjrXdHSNpaobcrUQ/",
    "record_type": "annotated_document",
    "record_id": "UOnTsjrXdHSNpaobcrUQ",
    "content_hash": "5aa6d9ec7f9def6de6f7bbf761e679b7064295c17f4747b18d7bc981379e7ac7"
  },
  "data": {
    "id": "UOnTsjrXdHSNpaobcrUQ",
    "language": "enGram",
    "hotlist": false,
    "type": "usual",
    "title": "Use \"By\" for Proximity, Agency, and Method",
    "changedOn": "2024-05-22T18:53:44.812Z",
    "isPriority": false,
    "url": "",
    "isInProcess": false,
    "course": "",
    "rank": null,
    "progress": {
      "times": 0,
      "numOfReps": 0
    },
    "comment": "Using \"by\" helps us describe closeness, who did an action, and how something is done. Here are some expressions and sentences to help you understand how to use \"by.\"",
    "refId": "",
    "repeatedOn": "2024-05-22T18:52:50.550Z",
    "user": "VR6BLj6E84W7JFcPkk4oTLS671F3",
    "isReported": false,
    "group": "0GmSJFRrWrSqi4A6yCOH",
    "version": "enGram 3.4, Jan 2024",
    "annotations": [
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "He lives by the sea.",
        "id": "LIB-c294a611-56a8-4f2a-b2a5-7b826628e39b",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "He ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "V",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "lives ",
                  "tag": "VBZ"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "sea",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "We’ll meet by the café at noon.",
        "id": "LIB-1e2e8216-b0e8-4cd5-a86a-ecb7fe1ae51d",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "We ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "M",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "’ll ",
                  "tag": "aux"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "meet ",
                  "tag": "VB"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "café ",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "at ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "noon",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "meet — met  — met",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "The store is by the park.",
        "id": "LIB-4ca71d0c-5979-4bbd-a60f-6762c2ed2d3e",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "The ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "store ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "st",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "is ",
                  "tag": "ROOT"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "park",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "She sat by the window.",
        "id": "LIB-d1dfafb4-5f34-48a5-99ac-463d13c2c091",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "She ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "V",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "sat ",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "window",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "sit — sat  — sat",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "The cake was made by my sister.",
        "id": "LIB-da211c55-180b-497f-ad29-97dc2a1cf6b6",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S*",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "The ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "cake ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st*",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "was ",
                  "tag": "auxpass"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "made ",
                  "tag": "VBN"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "agent"
            },
            {
              "text": "my ",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "sister",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "make — made  — made",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "The song was performed by a famous artist.",
        "id": "LIB-f84c2616-d005-4648-94ff-cad4e04859ec",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S*",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "The ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "song ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st*",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "was ",
                  "tag": "auxpass"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "performed ",
                  "tag": "VBN"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "agent"
            },
            {
              "text": "a ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "famous ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "artist",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "a famous artist",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Was this artwork created by you?",
        "id": "LIB-5c469b16-d77c-4991-90e3-9e4f70b0f7e6",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st*",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "Was ",
                  "tag": "auxpass"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "S*",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "this ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "artwork ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "created ",
                  "tag": "VBN"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "agent"
            },
            {
              "text": "you",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "?",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "The project was completed by our team.",
        "id": "LIB-8330c3e8-bba2-4a53-9525-d611c2522423",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S*",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "The ",
              "tag": "DT_det"
            },
            {
              "text": "project ",
              "tag": "NN"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "st*",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "was ",
                  "tag": "auxpass"
                }
              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "completed ",
                  "tag": "VBN"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "agent"
            },
            {
              "text": "our ",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "team",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "I learned English by watching movies.",
        "id": "LIB-e9037dc6-7a37-4058-96a0-66b5321c06f4",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "I ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "V",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "learned ",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "English ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "watching ",
                  "tag": "VBG"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "movies",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "learn — learnt  — learnt",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "She traveled by car.",
        "id": "LIB-6c4352f7-f646-4378-93e4-91a6743cbde4",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "She ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "V",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "traveled ",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "car",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "He solved the problem by thinking carefully.",
        "id": "LIB-6b8bbff7-ee64-4e64-8a5f-947675cb2da8",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "He ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "V",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "solved ",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "problem ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "thinking ",
                  "tag": "VBG"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "carefully",
              "tag": "advmod"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "think — thought  — thought",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "You can contact me by email.",
        "id": "LIB-5c70a6f0-e33f-4da9-ad79-548f49b6f802",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
              "tag": "tag"
            },
            {
              "text": "You ",
              "tag": "PRP_nsubj"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "M",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "can ",
                  "tag": "aux"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "v2",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "contact ",
                  "tag": "VB"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "me ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "by ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "email",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null
      }
    ]
  }
}