{
  "provenance": {
    "source": "Metkagram",
    "source_url": "https://metkagram.github.io",
    "source_repository": "https://github.com/metkagram/metkagram.github.io",
    "creator": "Metkagram",
    "creator_url": "https://github.com/metkagram",
    "maintainer": "Applied Systems Lab at MetalHatsCats",
    "maintainer_url": "https://metalhatscats.com",
    "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
    "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
    "attribution_required": true,
    "attribution_text": "Source: Metkagram — https://metkagram.github.io/",
    "attribution_html": "Source: <a href=\"https://metkagram.github.io/\">Metkagram</a>",
    "terms_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/legal/terms/",
    "privacy_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/legal/privacy/",
    "contact_url": "https://metalhatscats.com/contact",
    "collaboration_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/ai/#collaborate",
    "dataset_version": "1.0.0+20260715",
    "release_date": "2026-07-15",
    "canonical_url": "https://metkagram.github.io/en/explore/english/library/i1VkYjAwMFWyqpToMEP9/",
    "record_type": "annotated_document",
    "record_id": "i1VkYjAwMFWyqpToMEP9",
    "content_hash": "671b4802bf21ccefdf0b0929bcf281200404f1bd35b2922a82c00feb489cef6d"
  },
  "data": {
    "id": "i1VkYjAwMFWyqpToMEP9",
    "language": "enGram",
    "hotlist": false,
    "type": "usual",
    "title": "Express Exclusions with \"Without\"",
    "changedOn": "2024-04-12T09:49:51.089Z",
    "isPriority": false,
    "url": "",
    "isInProcess": false,
    "course": "",
    "rank": null,
    "progress": {
      "times": 0,
      "numOfReps": 0
    },
    "comment": "\"Without\" is used to indicate the absence of something or to describe doing something while lacking something else. It helps to highlight what is missing in a situation or what is accomplished despite the lack of a certain element, feature, or condition.",
    "refId": "",
    "repeatedOn": "2024-04-12T09:36:02.129Z",
    "user": "VR6BLj6E84W7JFcPkk4oTLS671F3",
    "isReported": false,
    "group": "0GmSJFRrWrSqi4A6yCOH",
    "version": "enGram 3.4, Jan 2024",
    "annotations": [
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "I left without my phone.",
        "id": "LIB-12c9982d-1946-4e01-81ca-a10c4ef8252a",
        "text_span": {
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              "text": "S",
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            },
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              "text": "I ",
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            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
                  "text": "V",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "left ",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "my ",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "phone",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "leave — left  — left",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "We managed to finish the project without any help.",
        "id": "LIB-756e441c-627e-4907-a424-5809124e6407",
        "text_span": {
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              "text": "S",
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            },
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              "text": "We ",
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            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "managed ",
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                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "vI",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "to ",
                  "tag": "TO"
                },
                {
                  "text": "finish ",
                  "tag": "VB"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "project ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "any ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "help",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
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            }
          ],
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      },
      {
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        "original_text": "She sings beautifully without any formal training.",
        "id": "LIB-6a04283b-c83a-4358-ae65-6d94db1ec5a1",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "S",
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            {
              "text": "She ",
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            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "sings ",
                  "tag": "VBZ"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "beautifully ",
              "tag": "advmod"
            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "any ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "formal ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "training",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "sing — sang  — sung^any formal training",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "He arrived without knowing anyone at the party.",
        "id": "LIB-54bdd89f-d9b9-41d2-b107-a995fd619128",
        "text_span": {
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              "text": "S",
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            },
            {
              "text": "He ",
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            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "arrived ",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Pres",
                  "text": "pA",
                  "tag": "tag"
                },
                {
                  "text": "knowing ",
                  "tag": "VBG"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "anyone ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "at ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "party",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "know — knew  — known",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "Can you see without your glasses?",
        "id": "LIB-d862eef8-ece3-4026-bca4-86c05fc415c9",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "M",
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                {
                  "text": "Can ",
                  "tag": "aux"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "S",
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            },
            {
              "text": "you ",
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            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "v2",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "see ",
                  "tag": "VB"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "your ",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "glasses",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "?",
              "tag": "punct"
            }
          ],
          "text": "",
          "tag": "Sentence"
        },
        "chunkList": "see — saw  — seen",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "They played the game without any complaints.",
        "id": "LIB-99003145-7007-4d34-a52e-e423f5f721ed",
        "text_span": {
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            {
              "text": "They ",
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            {
              "children": [
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                  "extra": "Past",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "played ",
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                }
              ],
              "text": "",
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            {
              "text": "the ",
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              "text": "game ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "any ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "complaints",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
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            }
          ],
          "text": "",
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        "chunkList": "",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
        "userWords": "",
        "original_text": "I can’t imagine life without music.",
        "id": "LIB-99063982-7e7b-40d0-9327-fafbbd321275",
        "text_span": {
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              "text": "S",
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            {
              "text": "I ",
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            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "M",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "ca",
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                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "n’t ",
              "tag": "Neg"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "v2",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "imagine ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "life ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "music",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
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          ],
          "text": "",
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        "chunkList": "",
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      },
      {
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        "original_text": "She completed the marathon without stopping.",
        "id": "LIB-d1bd2f66-915f-4cdb-88a2-9af9287e0e36",
        "text_span": {
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              "text": "S",
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            {
              "text": "She ",
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            {
              "children": [
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                  "extra": "Past",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "completed ",
                  "tag": "VBD"
                }
              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "marathon ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
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                  "extra": "Pres",
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                },
                {
                  "text": "stopping",
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              ],
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            {
              "text": ".",
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      },
      {
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        "original_text": "Without sufficient evidence, the case was dismissed.",
        "id": "LIB-6e21e678-383f-4bd2-a0aa-7cfa074b22ab",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "Without ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "sufficient ",
              "tag": "amod"
            },
            {
              "text": "evidence",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ", ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "S*",
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            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "case ",
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            {
              "children": [
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                {
                  "text": "was ",
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              ],
              "text": " ",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
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            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "extra": "Past",
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                {
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            {
              "text": ".",
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      },
      {
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        "original_text": "They held the meeting without the boss’s approval.",
        "id": "LIB-e5e3c7a3-f69e-4673-9dd1-e41e50661345",
        "text_span": {
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            {
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                {
                  "text": "held ",
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              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "meeting ",
              "tag": "dobj"
            },
            {
              "text": "without ",
              "tag": "prep"
            },
            {
              "text": "the ",
              "tag": "det"
            },
            {
              "text": "boss",
              "tag": "poss"
            },
            {
              "text": "’s ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "approval",
              "tag": "pobj"
            },
            {
              "text": ".",
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          ],
          "text": "",
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        "chunkList": "hold — held  — held^the boss’s approval",
        "isFavorite": null
      },
      {
        "translated_text": "",
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        "original_text": "Without the right tools, the job can be very difficult.",
        "id": "LIB-1a64d956-0ae8-4a16-9827-458cae7fc84d",
        "text_span": {
          "children": [
            {
              "text": "Without ",
              "tag": "prep"
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            {
              "text": "the ",
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            {
              "text": "right ",
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            {
              "text": "tools",
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            {
              "text": ", ",
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            {
              "text": "S",
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            {
              "text": "the ",
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            },
            {
              "text": "job ",
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            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "M",
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                {
                  "text": "can ",
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              ],
              "text": "",
              "tag": "Verb-Mark"
            },
            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "st",
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                {
                  "text": "be ",
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              ],
              "text": " ",
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            {
              "text": "very ",
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            {
              "children": [
                {
                  "text": "p2",
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                {
                  "text": "difficult",
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              ],
              "text": "",
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            },
            {
              "text": ".",
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          ],
          "text": "",
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        "chunkList": "the right tools",
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  }
}