Express Exclusions with "Without"

I left without my phone.

Patternsleave — left — left

We managed to finish the project without any help.

She sings beautifully without any formal training.

Patternssing — sang — sung^any formal training

He arrived without knowing anyone at the party.

Patternsknow — knew — known

Can you see without your glasses?

Patternssee — saw — seen

They played the game without any complaints.

I can’t imagine life without music.

She completed the marathon without stopping.

Without sufficient evidence, the case was dismissed.

They held the meeting without the boss’s approval.

Patternshold — held — held^the boss’s approval

Without the right tools, the job can be very difficult.

Patternsthe right tools