Reviewed route
Pattern Routes
Follow a short sequence of Frame → Contrast → Choice around one communicative job instead of collecting isolated cards.
Open Routes →B2–C1 · 948 patterns
Find a pattern you can reuse
Browse English–German patterns by communication goal, study them in context, and apply the same structure in a new situation.
Connect an agent →Start with intent
What do you want to say?
Start from a real goal such as disagreeing politely or correcting an assumption. Metkagram maps it to a reasoning move and reusable English/German frames.
ChallengeDisagree politelyPush back on a claim without turning the sentence into a confrontation.ReframeCorrect an assumptionReplace a mistaken interpretation with the distinction you actually want to make.ConditionSet a conditionState what has to be true before a result, decision, or action can follow.CauseExplain a causeConnect an outcome to the factor that produced or enabled it.InferDraw a conclusionMove from evidence or observations to a conclusion without presenting it as a raw fact.CompareCompare alternativesPut two options on the same dimension so the contrast becomes useful for a decision.
Deeper explorationReasoning FramesBrowse by the reasoning move a sentence performs
Start from the move you want to make
Choose a reasoning operation first, then learn sentence frames that perform it in English and German.
05CalibrateSeparate observed evidence from assumptions that still need validation.08CauseExpress a multi-step causal chain and make the intermediate mechanism visible.03ChallengeKeep a possibility open because current evidence does not eliminate it.03ComparePut competing explanations side by side before choosing between them.03ConditionState a hard prerequisite for an outcome.10DecideFrame a decision as a trade-off rather than pretending one option dominates on every dimension.05FrameReplace an unhelpful description with a frame that makes the next reasoning step clearer.03InferDistinguish suggestive evidence from proof.05LearnDistinguish passive familiarity from the ability to produce a pattern without a prompt.03LimitSeparate a necessary condition from a sufficient one.05PerspectiveRestate the strongest reasonable concern before defending a position.03ReframeReframe a debate from whether to act to how to act.09TestTurn a hypothesis into a testable prediction.05Trace consequencesSeparate an immediate effect from a possible downstream consequence.
Deeper explorationPattern AtlasEditorial routes organised by communication goal
Do not start from an internal category code. Start from what you need to do: argue a point, hedge a claim, disagree, compare options, ask a precise question, or communicate at work.
12 editorial routes built from existing validated study setsReviewed starting points
Start with a reviewed Route or set.
The complete catalogue remains below for coverage and stable IDs. If you are new, start here: these materials have the strongest current editorial-readiness signal.
Reviewed core
Problem framing and reframing
Define the problem before solving it, expose hidden assumptions, and choose a more useful frame.
Open set →Reviewed core
Reasoning under uncertainty
Separate evidence from assumptions, calibrate confidence, and identify what information would change the conclusion.
Open set →Reviewed core
Decision quality and trade-offs
Compare options by explicit criteria, weigh the cost of delay, and preserve useful flexibility when certainty is impossible.
Open set →Reviewed core
Hypothesis testing
Turn explanations into testable predictions, seek discriminating evidence, and revise claims when the data require it.
Open set →Quality-gated practice
Spoken grammar
Use compact spoken frames that organise an idea naturally in conversation.
Open set →Quality-gated practice
Transformations and reformulation
Rebuild the same meaning with a different grammatical or discourse frame.
Open set →Continue with a routeLearning paths5 routes through topic sets
From learning goal to set to pattern
109 study sets are grouped into 5 learning paths. Start here when you know what you want to practise but not a pattern ID.
- 01
C1 Communication
Argumentation · Opinions and stance · Evidence and inference · Agreement and disagreement · Qualification and hedging · Probability and prediction · Clarification and reformulation · Comparison and evaluation · Cause, effect, and consequence · Negotiation and decisions · Problem framing and reframing · Reasoning under uncertainty · Perspective taking
- 02
C1 Control
Professional communication · Storytelling and reflection · Advanced connectors · Conditionals and counterfactuals · Modality and obligation · Passive and impersonal style · Reported speech and attribution · Tense and aspect · Questions, negatives, and reference · German grammar in use · Transformations and reformulation · Systems thinking · Decision quality and trade-offs · Causal diagnosis · Hypothesis testing · Metacognitive learning
- 03
Grammar in use
Determiners and quantifiers · Verb complements and non-finite clauses · Subordinate and complement clauses · Focus, inversion and emphasis · Relative and participial clauses · Prepositions and governed complements · Word order and verb position · Cases and nominal agreement · Adjectives and comparison · Mood, modality and reported stance · Contrast grammar · Russian-speaker transfer traps
- 04
Questions in use
Yes/no questions · Wh-questions · Subject questions · Object questions · Preposition questions · Tag and checking questions · Indirect questions · Negative questions · Alternative questions · Confirmation questions · Clarification questions · Follow-up questions · Opinion questions · Cause and reason questions · Purpose questions · Time questions · Place and setting questions · People and responsibility questions · Quantity and degree questions · Comparison questions · Hypothetical questions · Probability questions · Polite request questions · Workplace questions · Academic and research questions · Decision questions · Negotiation questions · Reported questions · Discourse-management questions · Question forms and auxiliaries
- 05
Functional language
Preferences and choices · Advice and recommendations · Requests and follow-through · Offers and support · Permission and boundaries · Commitments and promises · Planning and scheduling · Priorities and trade-offs · Goals and intentions · Concession and contrast · Examples and specification · Summaries and conclusions · Organising conversation · Feelings and reactions · Tact and politeness · Feedback and evaluation · Problem-solving · Risk and precautions · Persuasion and influence · Social interaction · Spoken grammar · Interaction moves · Register shifting · Perspective taking
Practice by goal
English sentence patterns by communication task
Choose a focused B2–C1 practice set when you know what you need to say: reframe a problem, hedge a claim, explain a cause, manage disagreement or compare trade-offs.
Target language
No matching sets.
Pattern Contrasts
Not sure which pattern fits?
Contrasts explain a difference in communicative or reasoning function, not just a difference in wording. Start from the job you need to do, then open the canonical pattern for practice.
All contrastsPattern Choice
Can you actually tell the two patterns apart?
Pattern Choice turns the comparison into a short decision task: choose first, then reveal the explanation and practise the canonical pattern.
Open Pattern ChoicePattern Routes
Need a route rather than another card?
Pattern Routes connect patterns, distinctions and choice drills into short sequences around a real communication job.
Open packPattern Bridge
Want to transfer the same function between EN and DE?
Pattern Bridge uses only bilingual forms inside one stable pattern ID, not automatically guessed look-alike translations.
Open Transfer MapRussian → English
Does Russian keep suggesting the wrong English frame?
This guide isolates recurring transfer errors so each wrong form leads directly to an explanation, corrected frame and practice object.
Russian-speaker English mistakesContinue learning
Choose the next useful route.
Continue learningUse Metkagram with an AI tutorContinue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.Pattern PracticeFind a pattern by what you want to doContinue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.Pattern AtlasWhat we know is [X]; what we are still assuming is [Y]Continue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.