Metkagram
EN RU

B2–C1 · GFB · GFB010

Subject + must have been + past participle; evidence

Explanation

A reusable frame from “Modal scope and past inference”. Compare how English and German express modal scope and past inference. Practise reusable constructions with Russian translations.

Structure

EN · EnglishSubject + must have been + past participle; evidence
DE · GermanSubject + muss/müssen + participle + worden sein; evidence

Anchor phrase

RU · Translation

Должно быть, замок взломали: рама повреждена.

EN · English

The lock must have been forced; the frame is damaged.

DE · German

Das Schloss muss aufgebrochen worden sein; der Rahmen ist beschädigt.

Try variations2 · more examples

  1. RU · Translation

    Должно быть, комнату убрали: всё безупречно чисто.

    EN · English

    The room must have been cleaned; everything is spotless.

    DE · German

    Das Zimmer muss geputzt worden sein; alles ist makellos sauber.

  2. RU · Translation

    Должно быть, дату изменили: у меня в календаре стоит понедельник.

    EN · English

    The date must have been changed; my calendar says Monday.

    DE · German

    Das Datum muss geändert worden sein; in meinem Kalender steht Montag.

Pattern graph

Continue with nearby patterns

GFB003Subject + must have been + -ing + past contextGFBGFB004Subject + cannot have been + -ing; evidenceGFBGFB008Subject + might have been + past participleGFBGFB005Subject + may have been + -ingGFB