B2–C1 · REL · 40 patterns

Relative and participial clauses

Add precise information without losing the main clause.

01 · How to use this set

Start from the communication job

Add precise information without losing the main clause.

Read the frame, try to complete your own sentence before opening an example, then compare the English structure with its German parallel. The point is retrieval and choice, not passive list reading.

02 · Representative patterns

Start with these reusable frames

A compact sample from the 40 patterns in this study set.

01The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the team was reviewing the new policy]The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval in a situation where the team was reviewing the new policy. · German parallel: Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]02The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the partners needed a clear decision]The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval in a situation where the partners needed a clear decision. · German parallel: Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]03The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the pilot was entering its final phase]The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval in a situation where the pilot was entering its final phase. · German parallel: Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]04The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the available evidence was still incomplete]The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval in a situation where the available evidence was still incomplete. · German parallel: Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]05The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the timetable had changed at short notice]The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval in a situation where the timetable had changed at short notice. · German parallel: Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]06People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the team was reviewing the new policy]People working on the pilot need clear guidance in a situation where the team was reviewing the new policy. · German parallel: Die Personen, die am Pilotprojekt arbeiten, brauchen klare Orientierung [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]

03 · Complete set

Browse every pattern

The canonical list follows below. Every pattern has a stable ID and its own page for examples, translation, and reuse.

01The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the team was reviewing the new policy]GRMREL001 · The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the team was reviewing the new policy] / Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]02The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the partners needed a clear decision]GRMREL002 · The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the partners needed a clear decision] / Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]03The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the pilot was entering its final phase]GRMREL003 · The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the pilot was entering its final phase] / Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]04The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the available evidence was still incomplete]GRMREL004 · The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the available evidence was still incomplete] / Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]05The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the timetable had changed at short notice]GRMREL005 · The report, which was revised yesterday, now needs approval [the timetable had changed at short notice] / Der Bericht, der gestern überarbeitet wurde, benötigt nun eine Genehmigung [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]06People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the team was reviewing the new policy]GRMREL006 · People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the team was reviewing the new policy] / Die Personen, die am Pilotprojekt arbeiten, brauchen klare Orientierung [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]07People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the partners needed a clear decision]GRMREL007 · People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the partners needed a clear decision] / Die Personen, die am Pilotprojekt arbeiten, brauchen klare Orientierung [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]08People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the pilot was entering its final phase]GRMREL008 · People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the pilot was entering its final phase] / Die Personen, die am Pilotprojekt arbeiten, brauchen klare Orientierung [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]09People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the available evidence was still incomplete]GRMREL009 · People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the available evidence was still incomplete] / Die Personen, die am Pilotprojekt arbeiten, brauchen klare Orientierung [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]10People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the timetable had changed at short notice]GRMREL010 · People working on the pilot need clear guidance [the timetable had changed at short notice] / Die Personen, die am Pilotprojekt arbeiten, brauchen klare Orientierung [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]11The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the team was reviewing the new policy]GRMREL011 · The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the team was reviewing the new policy] / Die von den Gutachtern geäußerten Bedenken wurden berücksichtigt [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]12The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the partners needed a clear decision]GRMREL012 · The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the partners needed a clear decision] / Die von den Gutachtern geäußerten Bedenken wurden berücksichtigt [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]13The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the pilot was entering its final phase]GRMREL013 · The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the pilot was entering its final phase] / Die von den Gutachtern geäußerten Bedenken wurden berücksichtigt [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]14The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the available evidence was still incomplete]GRMREL014 · The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the available evidence was still incomplete] / Die von den Gutachtern geäußerten Bedenken wurden berücksichtigt [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]15The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the timetable had changed at short notice]GRMREL015 · The concerns raised by the reviewers were addressed [the timetable had changed at short notice] / Die von den Gutachtern geäußerten Bedenken wurden berücksichtigt [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]16The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the team was reviewing the new policy]GRMREL016 · The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the team was reviewing the new policy] / Die Kollegin, deren Vorschlag wir übernommen haben, wird die nächste Phase leiten [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]17The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the partners needed a clear decision]GRMREL017 · The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the partners needed a clear decision] / Die Kollegin, deren Vorschlag wir übernommen haben, wird die nächste Phase leiten [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]18The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the pilot was entering its final phase]GRMREL018 · The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the pilot was entering its final phase] / Die Kollegin, deren Vorschlag wir übernommen haben, wird die nächste Phase leiten [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]19The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the available evidence was still incomplete]GRMREL019 · The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the available evidence was still incomplete] / Die Kollegin, deren Vorschlag wir übernommen haben, wird die nächste Phase leiten [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]20The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the timetable had changed at short notice]GRMREL020 · The colleague whose proposal we adopted will lead the next phase [the timetable had changed at short notice] / Die Kollegin, deren Vorschlag wir übernommen haben, wird die nächste Phase leiten [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]21This is the principle by which we assess the options [the team was reviewing the new policy]GRMREL021 · This is the principle by which we assess the options [the team was reviewing the new policy] / Dies ist der Grundsatz, nach dem wir die Optionen bewerten [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]22This is the principle by which we assess the options [the partners needed a clear decision]GRMREL022 · This is the principle by which we assess the options [the partners needed a clear decision] / Dies ist der Grundsatz, nach dem wir die Optionen bewerten [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]23This is the principle by which we assess the options [the pilot was entering its final phase]GRMREL023 · This is the principle by which we assess the options [the pilot was entering its final phase] / Dies ist der Grundsatz, nach dem wir die Optionen bewerten [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]24This is the principle by which we assess the options [the available evidence was still incomplete]GRMREL024 · This is the principle by which we assess the options [the available evidence was still incomplete] / Dies ist der Grundsatz, nach dem wir die Optionen bewerten [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]25This is the principle by which we assess the options [the timetable had changed at short notice]GRMREL025 · This is the principle by which we assess the options [the timetable had changed at short notice] / Dies ist der Grundsatz, nach dem wir die Optionen bewerten [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]26The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the team was reviewing the new policy]GRMREL026 · The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the team was reviewing the new policy] / Das Team fand eine Lösung, die schnell umgesetzt werden konnte [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]27The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the partners needed a clear decision]GRMREL027 · The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the partners needed a clear decision] / Das Team fand eine Lösung, die schnell umgesetzt werden konnte [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]28The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the pilot was entering its final phase]GRMREL028 · The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the pilot was entering its final phase] / Das Team fand eine Lösung, die schnell umgesetzt werden konnte [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]29The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the available evidence was still incomplete]GRMREL029 · The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the available evidence was still incomplete] / Das Team fand eine Lösung, die schnell umgesetzt werden konnte [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]30The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the timetable had changed at short notice]GRMREL030 · The team found a solution that could be implemented quickly [the timetable had changed at short notice] / Das Team fand eine Lösung, die schnell umgesetzt werden konnte [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]31Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the team was reviewing the new policy]GRMREL031 · Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the team was reviewing the new policy] / Nachdem die Partner über die Änderung informiert worden waren, passten sie ihre Pläne an [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]32Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the partners needed a clear decision]GRMREL032 · Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the partners needed a clear decision] / Nachdem die Partner über die Änderung informiert worden waren, passten sie ihre Pläne an [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]33Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the pilot was entering its final phase]GRMREL033 · Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the pilot was entering its final phase] / Nachdem die Partner über die Änderung informiert worden waren, passten sie ihre Pläne an [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]34Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the available evidence was still incomplete]GRMREL034 · Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the available evidence was still incomplete] / Nachdem die Partner über die Änderung informiert worden waren, passten sie ihre Pläne an [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]35Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the timetable had changed at short notice]GRMREL035 · Having been informed of the change, the partners adjusted their plans [the timetable had changed at short notice] / Nachdem die Partner über die Änderung informiert worden waren, passten sie ihre Pläne an [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]36The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the team was reviewing the new policy]GRMREL036 · The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the team was reviewing the new policy] / Das Dokument enthält einen Abschnitt, der die Hauptrisiken darlegt [das Team die neue Regelung prüfte]37The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the partners needed a clear decision]GRMREL037 · The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the partners needed a clear decision] / Das Dokument enthält einen Abschnitt, der die Hauptrisiken darlegt [die Partner eine klare Entscheidung brauchten]38The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the pilot was entering its final phase]GRMREL038 · The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the pilot was entering its final phase] / Das Dokument enthält einen Abschnitt, der die Hauptrisiken darlegt [das Pilotprojekt in seine letzte Phase ging]39The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the available evidence was still incomplete]GRMREL039 · The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the available evidence was still incomplete] / Das Dokument enthält einen Abschnitt, der die Hauptrisiken darlegt [die verfügbaren Belege noch unvollständig waren]40The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the timetable had changed at short notice]GRMREL040 · The document contains a section outlining the main risks [the timetable had changed at short notice] / Das Dokument enthält einen Abschnitt, der die Hauptrisiken darlegt [der Zeitplan kurzfristig geändert worden war]

01Prepositions and governed complementsUse the complements that verbs, nouns and adjectives require.02Word order and verb positionControl sentence structure across statements, questions and clauses.03Cases and nominal agreementKeep roles and agreement clear inside the noun phrase.04Adjectives and comparisonDescribe, compare and qualify with accurate noun phrases.