B2–C1 · GFK · GFK011

Subject + said + embedded subject + must have + past participle

Explanation

A reusable frame from “Reporting and clause complements”. Compare how English and German express reporting and clause complements. Practise reusable constructions with Russian translations.

Structure

EN · EnglishSubject + said + embedded subject + must have + past participle

DE · GermanSubject + sagte(n), embedded subject + müsse(n) + participle + haben/sein

Anchor phrase

RU · Translation

Она сказала, что он, должно быть, не заметил сообщение.

EN · English

She said he must have missed the message.

DE · German

Sie sagte, er müsse die Nachricht übersehen haben.

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RU · Translation
Он сказал, что мы, должно быть, свернули не туда.
EN · English
He said we must have taken the wrong turning.
DE · German
Er sagte, wir müssten falsch abgebogen sein.
RU · Translation
Они сказали, что посылка, должно быть, пришла раньше.
EN · English
They said the parcel must have arrived earlier.
DE · German
Sie sagten, das Paket müsse früher angekommen sein.

Pattern graph

Continue with nearby patterns

GFK007Subject + said + embedded subject + would have + participle + by + later boundaryGFK GFK005Subject + said + embedded subject + had already + past participleGFK GFK010Subject + said + embedded subject + had to + infinitiveGFK GFK012Subject + said + counterfactual would-have clause + if + past-perfect clauseGFK

03Try variations2 · more examples

Continue with nearby patterns

Try variations2 · more examples