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B2–C1 · GFK · 20 patterns

Reporting and clause complements

Compare how English and German express reporting and clause complements. Practise reusable constructions with Russian translations.

01 · How to use this set

Start from the communication job

Compare how English and German express reporting and clause complements. Practise reusable constructions with Russian translations.

Read the frame, try to complete your own sentence before opening an example, then compare the English structure with its German parallel. The point is retrieval and choice, not passive list reading.

02 · Representative patterns

Start with these reusable frames

A compact sample from the 20 patterns in this study set.

01Subject + told + object + not to + infinitiveShe told us not to open the package yet. · German parallel: Subject + sagte(n) + dative addressee, nicht + zu-infinitive02Subject + asked whether + embedded subject + had + past participleShe asked whether I had received the invitation. · German parallel: Subject + fragte(n), ob + embedded subject + participle + hatte(n)03Subject + asked + wh-word + embedded subject + ordinary predicateHe asked why the figures did not match. · German parallel: Subject + fragte(n), wh-word + embedded subject + predicate at end04Subject + reporting verb + how/where/when + to-infinitiveShe explained how to reset the password. · German parallel: Subject + reporting verb, wh-word + man/we + infinitive + soll/kann05Subject + said + embedded subject + had already + past participleShe said she had already sent the draft. · German parallel: Subject + sagte(n), embedded subject + habe(n) bereits + participle06Subject + said + embedded subject + would be + -ing + relative future timeShe said she would be working from home the following day. · German parallel: Subject + sagte(n), embedded subject + werde(n)/würde(n) + infinitive

03 · Complete set

Browse every pattern

The canonical list follows below. Every pattern has a stable ID and its own page for examples, translation, and reuse.

01Subject + told + object + not to + infinitiveGFK001 · Subject + told + object + not to + infinitive / Subject + sagte(n) + dative addressee, nicht + zu-infinitive02Subject + asked whether + embedded subject + had + past participleGFK002 · Subject + asked whether + embedded subject + had + past participle / Subject + fragte(n), ob + embedded subject + participle + hatte(n)03Subject + asked + wh-word + embedded subject + ordinary predicateGFK003 · Subject + asked + wh-word + embedded subject + ordinary predicate / Subject + fragte(n), wh-word + embedded subject + predicate at end04Subject + reporting verb + how/where/when + to-infinitiveGFK004 · Subject + reporting verb + how/where/when + to-infinitive / Subject + reporting verb, wh-word + man/we + infinitive + soll/kann05Subject + said + embedded subject + had already + past participleGFK005 · Subject + said + embedded subject + had already + past participle / Subject + sagte(n), embedded subject + habe(n) bereits + participle06Subject + said + embedded subject + would be + -ing + relative future timeGFK006 · Subject + said + embedded subject + would be + -ing + relative future time / Subject + sagte(n), embedded subject + werde(n)/würde(n) + infinitive07Subject + said + embedded subject + would have + participle + by + later boundaryGFK007 · Subject + said + embedded subject + would have + participle + by + later boundary / Subject + sagte(n), embedded subject + werde(n)/würde(n) + participle + haben/sein08Subject + explained that + embedded subject + had been + -ing + durationGFK008 · Subject + explained that + embedded subject + had been + -ing + duration / Subject + erklärte(n), embedded subject + habe/hätte + duration + participle09Subject + said + still-valid present clause + confirmation of current validityGFK009 · Subject + said + still-valid present clause + confirmation of current validity / Subject + sagte(n), dass + present clause + explicit continuing-validity context10Subject + said + embedded subject + had to + infinitiveGFK010 · Subject + said + embedded subject + had to + infinitive / Subject + sagte(n), embedded subject + müsse(n) + infinitive11Subject + said + embedded subject + must have + past participleGFK011 · Subject + said + embedded subject + must have + past participle / Subject + sagte(n), embedded subject + müsse(n) + participle + haben/sein12Subject + said + counterfactual would-have clause + if + past-perfect clauseGFK012 · Subject + said + counterfactual would-have clause + if + past-perfect clause / Subject + sagte(n), past Konjunktiv II main clause + wenn + past Konjunktiv II condition13Subject + suggested that + embedded subject + base-form verbGFK013 · Subject + suggested that + embedded subject + base-form verb / Subject + schlug(en) vor, dass + subject + infinitive + sollte(n)14Subject + insisted that + ordinary tensed content clauseGFK014 · Subject + insisted that + ordinary tensed content clause / Subject + bestand(en) darauf, dass + reported factual clause15It is + requirement adjective + that + subject + be + passive participleGFK015 · It is + requirement adjective + that + subject + be + passive participle / Es ist + adjective, dass + subject + participle + wird/werden16Subject + advised + person/object pronoun + to-infinitiveGFK016 · Subject + advised + person/object pronoun + to-infinitive / Subject + riet(en) + dative person, zu-infinitive17Subject + admitted to having + past participleGFK017 · Subject + admitted to having + past participle / Subject + gab(en) zu, participle + zu haben18Subject + accused + person + of + -ing phraseGFK018 · Subject + accused + person + of + -ing phrase / Subject + warf(en) + dative person + vor, zu-infinitive19Subject + warned + person + against + -ing phraseGFK019 · Subject + warned + person + against + -ing phrase / Subject + warnte(n) + person + davor, zu-infinitive20Subject + apologised for having + past participle phraseGFK020 · Subject + apologised for having + past participle phrase / Subject + entschuldigte(n) sich dafür, participle + zu haben