B2–C1 · TAS · 44 patterns

Tense and aspect

Position actions in time and show duration or completion.

01 · How to use this set

Start from the communication job

Position actions in time and show duration or completion.

Read the frame, try to complete your own sentence before opening an example, then compare the English structure with its German parallel. The point is retrieval and choice, not passive list reading.

02 · Representative patterns

Start with these reusable frames

A compact sample from the 44 patterns in this study set.

01I had never + Past Participle + until...I had never thought about automation until I started working with this team. · German parallel: Ich hatte nie + Partizip II + bis...02By (future point), I will have + Past ParticipleBy next year, I’ll have worked here for 10 years. The wider context will matter when the next decision is made. · German parallel: Bis (Zeitpunkt) werde ich + Partizip II + haben 03I have been told that + clauseI have been told that the new policy will improve efficiency. Everyone can return to this point at the next meeting. · German parallel: Mir wurde gesagt, dass + Nebensatz 04have seen better daysThis project has seen better days. The team will discuss it before deciding how to proceed. · German parallel: hat bessere Tage gesehen 05We have been tracking [a funding proposal] since the first warning signs appeared.We have been tracking a funding proposal since the first warning signs appeared. · German parallel: Wir verfolgen [einen Förderantrag], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.06We have been tracking [a delayed product launch] since the first warning signs appeared.We have been tracking a delayed product launch since the first warning signs appeared. · German parallel: Wir verfolgen [eine verspätete Produkteinführung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.

03 · Complete set

Browse every pattern

The canonical list follows below. Every pattern has a stable ID and its own page for examples, translation, and reuse.

01I had never + Past Participle + until...PERF003 · I had never + Past Participle + until... / Ich hatte nie + Partizip II + bis...02By (future point), I will have + Past ParticiplePERF004 · By (future point), I will have + Past Participle / Bis (Zeitpunkt) werde ich + Partizip II + haben 03I have been told that + clausePERF005 · I have been told that + clause / Mir wurde gesagt, dass + Nebensatz 04have seen better daysPERF006 · have seen better days / hat bessere Tage gesehen 05We have been tracking [a funding proposal] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS001 · We have been tracking [a funding proposal] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Förderantrag], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.06We have been tracking [a delayed product launch] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS002 · We have been tracking [a delayed product launch] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine verspätete Produkteinführung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.07We have been tracking [the team’s research findings] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS003 · We have been tracking [the team’s research findings] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [die Forschungsergebnisse des Teams], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.08We have been tracking [a customer complaint] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS004 · We have been tracking [a customer complaint] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Kundenbeschwerde], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.09We have been tracking [a public-transport plan] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS005 · We have been tracking [a public-transport plan] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Plan für den Nahverkehr], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.10We have been tracking [a difficult staffing decision] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS006 · We have been tracking [a difficult staffing decision] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine schwierige Personalentscheidung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.11We have been tracking [the revised budget] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS007 · We have been tracking [the revised budget] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [das überarbeitete Budget], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.12We have been tracking [an accessibility requirement] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS008 · We have been tracking [an accessibility requirement] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Anforderung an Barrierefreiheit], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.13We have been tracking [a cross-border partnership] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS009 · We have been tracking [a cross-border partnership] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine grenzüberschreitende Partnerschaft], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.14We have been tracking [the first pilot results] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS010 · We have been tracking [the first pilot results] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [die ersten Ergebnisse des Pilotprojekts], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.15We have been tracking [a neighbourhood meeting] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS011 · We have been tracking [a neighbourhood meeting] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [ein Treffen im Stadtteil], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.16We have been tracking [a climate-adaptation project] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS012 · We have been tracking [a climate-adaptation project] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [ein Klimaanpassungsprojekt], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.17We have been tracking [a sensitive policy change] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS013 · We have been tracking [a sensitive policy change] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine sensible Regeländerung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.18We have been tracking [the quarterly forecast] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS014 · We have been tracking [the quarterly forecast] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [die Quartalsprognose], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.19We have been tracking [a mentoring conversation] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS015 · We have been tracking [a mentoring conversation] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [ein Mentoring-Gespräch], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.20We have been tracking [a data-security review] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS016 · We have been tracking [a data-security review] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Datenschutzprüfung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.21We have been tracking [a conference presentation] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS017 · We have been tracking [a conference presentation] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Konferenzvortrag], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.22We have been tracking [a supplier contract] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS018 · We have been tracking [a supplier contract] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Lieferantenvertrag], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.23We have been tracking [a community health initiative] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS019 · We have been tracking [a community health initiative] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Gesundheitsinitiative im Quartier], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.24We have been tracking [a university curriculum] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS020 · We have been tracking [a university curriculum] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [ein Hochschulcurriculum], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.25We have been tracking [a housing-development plan] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS021 · We have been tracking [a housing-development plan] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Wohnungsbauplan], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.26We have been tracking [a service outage] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS022 · We have been tracking [a service outage] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Dienstausfall], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.27We have been tracking [a museum exhibition] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS023 · We have been tracking [a museum exhibition] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Museumsausstellung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.28We have been tracking [a volunteer programme] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS024 · We have been tracking [a volunteer programme] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [ein Freiwilligenprogramm], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.29We have been tracking [a language-learning project] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS025 · We have been tracking [a language-learning project] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [ein Sprachlernprojekt], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.30We have been tracking [a new reporting process] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS026 · We have been tracking [a new reporting process] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen neuen Berichtsprozess], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.31We have been tracking [a workplace conflict] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS027 · We have been tracking [a workplace conflict] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Konflikt am Arbeitsplatz], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.32We have been tracking [an environmental impact assessment] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS028 · We have been tracking [an environmental impact assessment] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.33We have been tracking [a remote-work arrangement] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS029 · We have been tracking [a remote-work arrangement] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Regelung zur Telearbeit], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.34We have been tracking [a healthcare appointment system] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS030 · We have been tracking [a healthcare appointment system] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [ein Terminvergabesystem im Gesundheitswesen], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.35We have been tracking [a local election debate] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS031 · We have been tracking [a local election debate] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine kommunale Wahldebatte], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.36We have been tracking [a software migration] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS032 · We have been tracking [a software migration] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Softwaremigration], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.37We have been tracking [a research collaboration] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS033 · We have been tracking [a research collaboration] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Forschungskooperation], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.38We have been tracking [a training workshop] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS034 · We have been tracking [a training workshop] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Fortbildungsworkshop], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.39We have been tracking [a press statement] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS035 · We have been tracking [a press statement] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Presseerklärung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.40We have been tracking [a proposed timetable] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS036 · We have been tracking [a proposed timetable] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen vorgeschlagenen Zeitplan], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.41We have been tracking [a family-care arrangement] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS037 · We have been tracking [a family-care arrangement] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Regelung zur Familienpflege], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.42We have been tracking [a grant evaluation] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS038 · We have been tracking [a grant evaluation] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Fördermittelbewertung], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.43We have been tracking [a library modernisation] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS039 · We have been tracking [a library modernisation] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [eine Modernisierung der Bibliothek], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.44We have been tracking [an emergency response plan] since the first warning signs appeared.C1TAS040 · We have been tracking [an emergency response plan] since the first warning signs appeared. / Wir verfolgen [einen Notfallplan], seit die ersten Warnsignale aufgetreten sind.

01Questions, negatives, and referenceAsk precise questions and manage reference.02German grammar in useTransfer German word order, cases, and particles into real use.03Transformations and reformulationRebuild the same meaning with a different grammatical or discourse frame.04Systems thinkingTrace second-order effects, bottlenecks, local optimisation, and the drivers that keep a problem recurring.