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B2–C1 · Tense and aspect · 5 patterns

Tense and aspect

Position actions in time and show duration or completion.

01 · How to use this set

Start from the communication job

Position actions in time and show duration or completion.

Read the frame, try to complete your own sentence before opening an example, then compare the English structure with its German parallel. The point is retrieval and choice, not passive list reading.

02 · Representative patterns

Start with these reusable frames

A compact sample from the 5 patterns in this study set.

01I had never + Past Participle + until..I had never thought about automation until I started working with this team. · German parallel: Ich hatte nie + Partizip II + bis...02By (future point), I will have + Past ParticipleBy next year, I’ll have worked here for 10 years. · German parallel: Bis (Zeitpunkt) werde ich + Partizip II + haben03I have been told that + clauseI have been told that the new policy will improve efficiency. · German parallel: Mir wurde gesagt, dass + Nebensatz04have seen better daysAfter years of heavy travel, this suitcase has seen better days. · German parallel: hat schon bessere Tage gesehen05We have been [X] [Y] since [Z]We have been monitoring the sensor drift since the firmware update was installed on Monday. · German parallel: Wir [Verb] [X], seit [Y].

03 · Complete set

Browse every pattern

The canonical list follows below. Every pattern has a stable ID and its own page for examples, translation, and reuse.

01I had never + Past Participle + until..PERF003 · I had never + Past Participle + until... / Ich hatte nie + Partizip II + bis...02By (future point), I will have + Past ParticiplePERF004 · By (future point), I will have + Past Participle / Bis (Zeitpunkt) werde ich + Partizip II + haben03I have been told that + clausePERF005 · I have been told that + clause / Mir wurde gesagt, dass + Nebensatz04have seen better daysPERF006 · have seen better days / hat schon bessere Tage gesehen05We have been [X] [Y] since [Z]C1TAS001 · We have been [V-ing] [X] since [Y]. / Wir [Verb] [X], seit [Y].

04 · Continue

C1 Control

A useful next step from the same learning path.

01Questions, negatives, and referenceAsk precise questions and manage reference.02German grammar in useTransfer German word order, cases, and particles into real use.03Transformations and reformulationRebuild the same meaning with a different grammatical or discourse frame.04Systems thinkingTrace second-order effects, bottlenecks, local optimisation, and the drivers that keep a problem recurring.

Continue learning

Choose the next useful route.

Pattern PracticeFind a pattern you can reuseContinue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.Pattern AtlasWe have been [X] [Y] since [Z]Continue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.Pattern PracticeQuestions, negatives, and referenceContinue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.