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B2–C1 · GFJ · 20 patterns

Passive, causative and perception

Compare how English and German express passive, causative and perception. Practise reusable constructions with Russian translations.

01 · How to use this set

Start from the communication job

Compare how English and German express passive, causative and perception. Practise reusable constructions with Russian translations.

Read the frame, try to complete your own sentence before opening an example, then compare the English structure with its German parallel. The point is retrieval and choice, not passive list reading.

02 · Representative patterns

Start with these reusable frames

A compact sample from the 20 patterns in this study set.

01Subject + am/is/are being + passive participle, so + consequenceThe entrance is being repaired, so please use the side door. · German parallel: Subject + werden + gerade + participle, deshalb + consequence02By + future deadline, subject + will have been + passive participleBy Friday, every room will have been inspected. · German parallel: Bis + future deadline + sein + subject + participle / Futur II passive03Subject + got + passive participle + event contextMy bag got damaged during the journey. · German parallel: Subject + wurde(n) + passive participle04Subject + had + object + past participle + service contextI had the lenses replaced rather than buying new glasses. · German parallel: Subject + ließ(en) + object + bare infinitive05Subject + had + possessed object + adverse passive participle + contextShe had her phone stolen on the train. · German parallel: Dative affected person + wurde(n) + possessed object + participle06Subject + main verb + get + object + past participleWe need to get the heating fixed before winter. · German parallel: Subject + modal/main verb + object + infinitive + lassen

03 · Complete set

Browse every pattern

The canonical list follows below. Every pattern has a stable ID and its own page for examples, translation, and reuse.

01Subject + am/is/are being + passive participle, so + consequenceGFJ001 · Subject + am/is/are being + passive participle, so + consequence / Subject + werden + gerade + participle, deshalb + consequence02By + future deadline, subject + will have been + passive participleGFJ002 · By + future deadline, subject + will have been + passive participle / Bis + future deadline + sein + subject + participle / Futur II passive03Subject + got + passive participle + event contextGFJ003 · Subject + got + passive participle + event context / Subject + wurde(n) + passive participle04Subject + had + object + past participle + service contextGFJ004 · Subject + had + object + past participle + service context / Subject + ließ(en) + object + bare infinitive05Subject + had + possessed object + adverse passive participle + contextGFJ005 · Subject + had + possessed object + adverse passive participle + context / Dative affected person + wurde(n) + possessed object + participle06Subject + main verb + get + object + past participleGFJ006 · Subject + main verb + get + object + past participle / Subject + modal/main verb + object + infinitive + lassen07Subject + had + person + bare infinitive phraseGFJ007 · Subject + had + person + bare infinitive phrase / Subject + ließ(en) + person in accusative + infinitive08Subject + got + person + to-infinitive phraseGFJ008 · Subject + got + person + to-infinitive phrase / Subject + brachte(n) + person + dazu, zu-infinitive09Subject/cause + made + object + bare infinitiveGFJ009 · Subject/cause + made + object + bare infinitive / Cause + bringen + person + dazu, zu-infinitive / causative clause10Subject + was/were made to + infinitiveGFJ010 · Subject + was/were made to + infinitive / Subject + wurde(n) gezwungen, zu-infinitive11Subject + let + person/object pronoun + bare infinitiveGFJ011 · Subject + let + person/object pronoun + bare infinitive / Subject + ließ(en) + person + bare infinitive / erlaubte(n), zu-infinitive12Subject + was/were allowed to + infinitiveGFJ012 · Subject + was/were allowed to + infinitive / Subject + durfte(n) + bare infinitive13Subject + saw/heard + object + -ing phraseGFJ013 · Subject + saw/heard + object + -ing phrase / Subject + sah(en)/hörte(n), wie + ongoing action clause14Subject + saw/heard + object + bare infinitive phraseGFJ014 · Subject + saw/heard + object + bare infinitive phrase / Subject + sah(en)/hörte(n) + object + bare infinitive15Subject + was/were seen/heard to + infinitiveGFJ015 · Subject + was/were seen/heard to + infinitive / Man sah/hörte, wie/dass + witnessed event clause16It + be + reporting participle + that + complete clauseGFJ016 · It + be + reporting participle + that + complete clause / Es heißt / Es wird berichtet/vermutet, dass + clause17Subject + be + reporting participle + to have + past participleGFJ017 · Subject + be + reporting participle + to have + past participle / Man vermutet/berichtet/nimmt an, dass + earlier event clause18There + is/are + reporting participle + to be + noun phraseGFJ018 · There + is/are + reporting participle + to be + noun phrase / Es wird angenommen / Es heißt, dass + es + noun phrase + gibt19Affected object + need(s) + transitive -ing formGFJ019 · Affected object + need(s) + transitive -ing form / Affected object + müssen + participle + werden20Recipient subject + was/were + two-object verb participle + thing objectGFJ020 · Recipient subject + was/were + two-object verb participle + thing object / Dative recipient + wurde(n) + thing subject + participle