Metkagram
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B2–C1 · Conditionals and counterfactuals · 18 patterns

Reason about conditions and alternatives

Reason through possibilities and alternatives.

Learner job · CND

Reason through possibilities and alternatives.

Use these Frames to make dependencies explicit: what changes if a condition holds, fails, or turns out differently.

01 · Distinct core Frames

Start with genuinely different ways to do the job

4 canonical indexable Frames, deduplicated by reusable formula structure rather than contextual noun substitution.

01Had [X] happened earlier, [Y] might have [Z].Had the dependency mapping happened earlier, the team might have discovered the missing interface before the migration weekend.German parallel: Wäre [X] früher geschehen, hätte [Y] möglicherweise [Z].02Without [X], [Y] cannot [V].Without a stable identifier, the pipeline cannot correlate records reliably.German parallel: Ohne [X] kann [Y] nicht [V].03Only if [X] can [Y].Only if the event is traceable can we audit the decision.German parallel: Nur wenn [X], kann [Y].04Before we can [X], we need to [Y].Before we can automate the check, we need to define the rule.German parallel: Bevor wir [X] können, müssen wir [Y].

02 · When to use

Choose the job before the wording

Use Hypothesis testing when the condition is an empirical claim to test; use Decision language when alternatives must lead to a choice.

01Hypothesis testingTurn explanations into testable predictions, seek discriminating evidence, and revise claims when the data require it.02Decision quality and trade-offsCompare options by explicit criteria, weigh the cost of delay, and preserve useful flexibility when certainty is impossible.

03 · Active retrieval

Produce one sentence before you reveal a model

Say or write one sentence for this job: “Reason through possibilities and alternatives.” Then open one Frame above, compare the language move, and rewrite your sentence for a different context.

04 · Continue with reviewed relations

Move from a Frame to a distinction, choice or new sentence

Only already-published relations are shown. Missing relations are not inferred or invented.

01Pattern LensInspect a new sentence and resolve it to canonical Metkagram patterns.02Without X, Y cannot… vs Only if X can Y…A reviewed distinction between nearby Frames.03Reliable correlation becomes impossible when a stable identifier is missing. Emphasize the missing prerequisite.Choose the better Frame first, then reveal the explanation.

01 · How to use this set

Start from the communication job

Reason through possibilities and alternatives.

Read the frame, try to complete your own sentence before opening an example, then compare the English structure with its German parallel. The point is retrieval and choice, not passive list reading.

02 · Representative patterns

Start with these reusable frames

A compact sample from the 18 patterns in this study set.

01If + Past Simple, would + VIf I had more time, I would start a side project that solves a problem I keep seeing at work. · German parallel: Wenn + Konjunktiv II, würde + Infinitiv02If I were you, I’d + VIf I were you, I’d ask for written confirmation before signing anything. · German parallel: An deiner Stelle würde ich + Infinitiv03If it weren’t for + noun/phrase, I wouldn’t + VIf it weren’t for my team’s support, I wouldn’t have finished the project on time. · German parallel: Ohne + Akkusativ, würde ich nicht + Infinitiv04Unless + present simple, will + VUnless you submit the report today, no one will review it tomorrow. · German parallel: Wenn ... nicht + present, wird + Infinitiv05Provided (that) + present simple, will + VProvided (that) all data is ready, we will launch the report on Friday. · German parallel: Vorausgesetzt, dass + present, wird + Infinitiv06As long as + present simple, will + VYou can work from home as long as you stay available online. · German parallel: Solange + present, wird + Infinitiv

03 · Complete set

Browse every pattern

The canonical list follows below. Every pattern has a stable ID and its own page for examples, translation, and reuse.

01If + Past Simple, would + VCON001 · If + Past Simple, would + V / Wenn + Konjunktiv II, würde + Infinitiv02If I were you, I’d + VCON002 · If I were you, I’d + V / An deiner Stelle würde ich + Infinitiv03If it weren’t for + noun/phrase, I wouldn’t + VCON003 · If it weren’t for + noun/phrase, I wouldn’t + V / Ohne + Akkusativ, würde ich nicht + Infinitiv04Unless + present simple, will + VCON004 · Unless + present simple, will + V / Wenn ... nicht + present, wird + Infinitiv05Provided (that) + present simple, will + VCON005 · Provided (that) + present simple, will + V / Vorausgesetzt, dass + present, wird + Infinitiv06As long as + present simple, will + VCON006 · As long as + present simple, will + V / Solange + present, wird + Infinitiv07Even if + present simple, will + VCON007 · Even if + present simple, will + V / Selbst wenn + present, wird + Infinitiv08Had + subject + Past Participle, would have + Past ParticipleCON008 · Had + subject + Past Participle, would have + Past Participle / Wenn + subject + Partizip II + hätte, hätte + subject + Partizip II09If + present simple, will + VCON009 · If + present simple, will + V / Wenn + present, wird + Infinitiv10In case + present simple, will + VCON010 · In case + present simple, will + V / Für den Fall, dass + present, wird + Infinitiv11If it hadn’t been for + noun, I would have + V3CON011 · If it hadn’t been for + noun, I would have + V3 / Wenn es nicht ... gegeben hätte, hätte ich + Partizip II12Only after + subject + has/have + V3, will + subject + VCON012 · Only after + subject + has/have + V3, will + subject + V / Erst nachdem + subject + Partizip II + hat, wird + subject + Infinitiv13Whether + subject + V or not, subject + will + VCON013 · Whether + subject + V or not, subject + will + V / Egal ob + subject + Verb, wird + subject + Infinitiv14As soon as + present simple, will + VCON014 · As soon as + present simple, will + V / Sobald + present, wird + subject + Infinitiv15Had [X] happened earlier, [Y] might have [Z]C1CND001 · Had [X] happened earlier, [Y] might have [Z]. / Wäre [X] früher geschehen, hätte [Y] möglicherweise [Z].16Without [X], [Y] cannot [Z]CLF043 · Without [X], [Y] cannot [V]. / Ohne [X] kann [Y] nicht [V].17Only if [X] can [Y]CLF044 · Only if [X] can [Y]. / Nur wenn [X], kann [Y].18Before we can [X], we need to [Y]CLF045 · Before we can [X], we need to [Y]. / Bevor wir [X] können, müssen wir [Y].

04 · Continue

C1 Control

A useful next step from the same learning path.

01Modality and obligationExpress necessity, permission, and recommendation.02Passive and impersonal styleUse formal, process-focused language.03Reported speech and attributionReport what people said with accuracy.04Tense and aspectPosition actions in time and show duration or completion.

Continue learning

Choose the next useful route.

Pattern PracticeFind a pattern you can reuseContinue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.Pattern AtlasHad [X] happened earlier, [Y] might have [Z]Continue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.Pattern AtlasWithout [X], [Y] cannot [Z]Continue through a canonical Metkagram learning surface already linked from this page.